The pharao of Joseph

It is generally admitted that Joseph held office under one of the shepherd, or Hyksos, kings, who ruled in Egypt between the twelfth and eighteenth dynasties, and were finally expelled by Ahmose I shortly after 1580. The length of their rule is unknown, but probably it did not last much over a hundred years. Joseph's tenure of office would accordingly be placed in the seventeenth century B.C. If the Exodus took place at the beginning of the reign of Merneptah, i.e., about 1225, as most scholars now maintain, and the sojourn of the Israelites in Egypt lasted 430 years, as stated in the Massoretic text (Exodus 12:40), the time would be about 1665. The names of four Hyksos kings are known to us from Egyptian monuments, a Khian and three Apophises. George Syncellus states that in his time (eighth cent. A.D.) there was a general consensus that the Pharao of Joseph was Apophis, probably Apophis II, the most important of the three. This opinion is possibly true, but the history of the period is too obscure to allow a defininte statement.

The pharao of the oppression and of the Exodus

See ISRAELITES.

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참고: 다른 한 편으로, 2009년 여름 성지 순례 중에, 이집트 룩소르의 "왕들의 계곡"에 있는 이집트의 파라오 Thoutmes III의 무덤직이로부터, 모세와 관련된 이집트 왕족들에 관하여 직접 듣고 또 본 것을 한 번 기회를 내어 말씀을 드리도록 하겠습니다.